Statements contained herein are the opinions of Carol Ann Garratt and may contain inadvertent errors. No warranty of accuracy or factual completeness is either expressed or implied. Discussions of flight procedures are meant to be of an informal and conversational nature only and do not necessarily represent the views of the aviation authorities of any government. Furthermore, nothing herein should be construed as ground or flight instruction. Also note that long, transoceanic flying carries with it significant risks necessitating special training and the carriage of sophisticated navigation and survival equipment. Such flights should never be attempted without proper preparation.